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Kelsey Moore's Theorists Wiki

**__Jean-Jacques Rousseau__**

**“Never exceed your rights, and they will soon become unlimited.”** **- ROUSSEAU** **Background:** Jacques Rousseau was born on June 28, 1712, and died on July 3, 1778. He grew up living with his aunt and uncle; his mother died shortly after he was born and his father fled their hometown of Geneva, Switzerland. Rousseau lived in Geneva only until he was about sixteen years old. He then traveled from place to place until settling in Paris, France in 1742. In Paris he became a musician and composer. In 1745 and met a linen-maid named Therese Levasseur. She would become his lifelong companion, they eventually married in 1768. They had five children together, all of whom were left at the Paris orphanage. During this time he also became friends with philosophers Condillac and Diderot. Rousseau’s first major philosophical work, A Discourse on the Sciences and Arts, was the winning response to an essay contest conducted by the Academy of Dijon in 1750. His second work, The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality did not win the Academy’s prize, but like the first, it was widely read. A Discourse on the Sciences and Arts, The Emile, and The Social Contract were published in 1762. These works caused great controversy in France and were immediately banned by Paris authorities. Rousseau fled France and settled in Switzerland.

**Theory:**  In his early writing, Rousseau contended that man is essentially good when in the "state of nature" and that good people are made unhappy and corrupted by their experiences in society. He viewed society as "artificial" and "corrupt" and that the furthering of society results in the continuing unhappiness of man. Theorists like Rousseau tried to strip humans of their social conventions so that they could find certain characteristics of human nature that were universal and unchanging.

**Classroom Application:** Rousseau’s theory is important to consider in the classroom because everyone is affected by something outside of the classroom. Our learning can be affected by what happens to us in society and our experiences. As teachers we have to take into consideration that a student’s performance is changed by the things that happen to them during the day.

**Website Review:** [] I really liked this sight because it had awesome quote from Rousseau at the top. It also gave good background information about him. [] This website gave a lot of good information about his different ideas of his theory in nature. It also gave good background information. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">This website was very helpful because it not only went in depth about Rousseau’s background but it also went in depth about his works. It made it very easy to figure out which piece of work they were talking about. ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: #160808; color: #ffffff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">**__Abraham Maslow__**

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Background:** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">Abraham Maslow was born on April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York and died on June 8, 1970. He was the first of seven children. His parents were Jewish and emigrated from Russia. He did not have a good childhood but he went to study law at City College of New York and married his first-cousin Bertha Goodman. He later went to the University of Wisconsin where he developed an interest in psychology. He mentored psychologist Harry Harlow. At Wisconsin he received three degrees including his doctorate in 1934.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Theory:** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">Maslow’s theory is based off of experience being the primary phenomenon in the study of human learning and behavior. He focuses on human qualities such as choice, creativity, values, and self-realization. He believes that meaningfulness and subjectivity are more important that objectivity. Maslow is famous for proposing that human motivation is based on a hierarchy of needs. Higher levels included belonging and love, self-esteem, and self-actualization. Lower levels of his proposition are physiological needs and survival needs such as hunger and thirst. The purpose of learning is to bring about self-actualization; he believes this should be a part of an educator’s goal.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Classroom Application:** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">I think this theory is very important to use in the classroom because it can ultimately help your students reach their fullest potential. Helping a student find his/her creativity, values, and themselves can help them find out things about themselves that can better their personal experience in the classroom. It can also help them find confidence in themselves, which can help them perform at their best.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Website Review:** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">This site was extremely helpful. It provided all of my information for Maslow’s theory. It made it easy to understand and gave good examples.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">This site was helpful because it shared just information about his background. It was easy to follow and I didn’t have to separate the difference between the theory and the biography.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">This site provided a readable pyramid and easy to understand explanation.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">media type="youtube" key="CF2c1q_OvdE?version=3" height="360" width="640" ||  || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Background:** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">Maria Montessori was born on August 31, 1870 in Chiaravalle, Italy and died on May 6, 1952 in Noordwijk, Netherlands. She was the first Italian woman to receive a medical degree and she was the originator of the Montessori Method of education for children. First she was an assistant doctor in the psychiatric clinic of the University of Rome, where she had her first contact with children who were disabled. She became convinced that the problem of handling these children was as much one of teaching method as of medical treatment. In 1898 she was appointed director of the State Orthophrenic School in Rome, whose function was to care for the "hopelessly deficient" children of the city. Her methods were so successful that they spread world-wide.
 * <span style="background-color: #130707; color: #ffffff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">**__Maria Montessori__**

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Theory:** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">Maria Montessori felt the goal of education should not be to fill the child with facts but rather to cultivate his own natural desire to learn. Instead of the teacher focusing the direction, the students focus on working with the materials. The focus is on the child and how they learn. Each of the schools that she taught in had students aging from three to six.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Classroom Application:** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">This theory would be extremely beneficial to students and their learning. The main focus is them and letting them learn the best way they can. She doesn’t put all of the responsibility on herself as a teacher; she expects them to take responsibility for their learning and discipline. Even though all of the responsibility is on them, her way of directing the class makes it fun and interesting for them. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Website Review:** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">This site was very helpful to providing a clear and full biography about Maria Montessori. I was not expecting to find all of this information about a woman from this time period. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">This site shared a lot of good information about the theory of Maria Montessori. It made the information easy to understand because of the chart it provided comparing her method to the traditional method. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">This site combined both information about Montessori and her theory. It helped reinforce what I had already read. ||  ||